Table of Contents
A Seymour Cray Perspective
Abstract
Cray
1925
-1996
Circuits and Packaging,
Plumbing (bits and atoms) & Parallelism… plus Programming and Problems
Seymour Cray Computers
CDC: The Dawning era of Supercomputers
Cray Research Computers
Cray Computer Corp. Computers
Cray contributions
Cray Contribution
Cray Contributions
Cray attitudes
“Cray” Clock speed (Mhz),
no. of processors, peak power (Mflops)
Time line
of Cray
designs
and
influence
Univac NTDS for U. S. Navy. Cray’s first computer
NTDS
Univac CP 642
c1957
NTDS
logic
drawer
2”x2.5”
cards
Control Data Corporation
Little Character circuit test,
CDC 160,
CDC 1604
Little Character
Circuit test for
CDC 160/1604
6-bit
CDC 1604
CDC 1604 module
CDC 1604 module bay
CDC 1604 with console
CDC 160
12 bit
word
The CDC 160 influenced
DEC PDP-5 (1963), and
PDP-8 (1965)
12-bit word minis
CDC
1604
The classic Accumulator
Multiplier-Quotient;
6 B (index) register design.
I/O transfers were block transferred via I/O assembly registers
Norris & Mullaney et al
CDC 3600 successor to 1604
CDC 6600 (and 7600)
CDC 6600 Installation
CDC 6600 operator’s console
CDC 6600
logic gates
CDC 6600
cooling in
each bay
CDC 6600 Cordwood module
SDS 920 module 4 flip flops,
1 Mhz clock c1963
CDC 6600
modules
in rack
CDC 6600 1Kbit core plane
CDC 1600 & 6600 logic & power densities
CDC 6600 block diagram
CDC 6600 registers
Dave Patterson… who coined the word, RISC
Blaauw -Brooks 6600 comments
John Mashey, MIPS Team (MIPS first commercial RISC outside of IBM)
Thomas Watson,IBM CEO 8/63
Cray’s response:
Effect on IBM: market & technical
CDC 6600
John Cocke
CDC 7600
CDC 7600s at Livermore
Butler Lampson
CDC 7600
CDC 7600 module slice
CDC 7600 12 bit core module
CDC 7600 block diagram
CDC 7600 registers
CDC 8600
Prototype
Cray Research… Cray 1
Cray 1 scalar vs vector perf. in clock ticks
CDC 7600 & Cray 1 at Livermore
Cray 1 #6 from LLNL.
Located at The Computer Museum History Center, Moffett Field
Cray 1 150 Kw. MG set & heat exchanger
Cray 1 processor block diagram… see 6600
Steve Wallach, founder Convex
Cray XMP
4
vector Proc.
Cray, Cray 2 Proto, & Rollwagen
Cray 2
Cray Computer Corporation”
Cray 3 and Cray 4 GaAs based computers
Cray 3 c1995
processor
500 MHz
32 modules
1K GaAs
ic’s/module
8 proc.
Howard Sachs recollection
working in Colorado Springs 1979 - 1982
Sachs comments
Sachs on Logic
Sachs
Petaflops by 2010
February 1994 Petaflops Workshop
Cray spoke at Jan. 1994 Petaflops Workshop
SRC Company Computer
Cray’s Last Computer c1996-98
Joel Birnbaum, CTO HP
The End
Supercomputing Next Steps
Battle for speed through parallelism and massive parallelism
Parallel processing computer architectures will be in use by 1975.
In Dec. 1995 computers with 1,000 processors will do most of the scientific processing.
Bell Prize winners 1987-1997
(transition from ECL to CMOS vector and microprocessors)
PPT Slide
Is vector processor dead?
Ratio of Vector processor to Microprocessor speed vs time
Is Vector Processor dead in 1997 for climate modeling?
Cray computers vs time
Jim Gray
|