| Item |
Start |
End |
end |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1
CALCULATION AND RECORD KEEPING
COMPUTING BEFORE COMPUTERS (400BC - 1940s) |
-400 |
1940 |
|
|
|
| 1.1
Sticks and Stones: Early aids to calculation (300 - 1910) |
300 |
1910 |
|
|
| 1.2
Ornate Curiosities (1623 - 1790) |
1623 |
1790 |
|
|
| 1.3
Mechanical Calculators: the Business of Calculation: (1820s-1970s) |
|
|
|
|
| 1.4
False Dawn: Automatic Computation
('All one has to do is to turn a handle' - J. H. Muller) (1784 - 1935) |
1784 |
1935 |
|
|
| 1.5
Cards and Holes: Data Processing & the Early Office Machine Industry
(1880s - 1940s) |
1880 |
1940 |
|
|
| 1.6
Mirroring the World: Analog Computing (80BC - 1950s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2.
PIONEERING BEHEMOTHS (1945 - 1970s) |
1945 |
1975 |
|
|
| 2.1 One-of-a-kind: The First Electrical
Computing Machines (1935-1945) |
1935 |
1945 |
|
|
| 2.2 New Horizons: The Electronically Stored
Program (1940-50s) |
1940 |
1955 |
|
|
| 2.3 Solving the Main Storage Problem (1920-60s) |
1920 |
1955 |
|
|
| 2.4 Doing it for Real: Real Time
Computing(1940-60s) |
1940 |
1965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3. COMPUTERS BECOME A BUSINESS (1949 - 1960) |
1949 |
1960 |
|
|
| 3.1 From
the Lab to the Workplace: Inventing the User - Science and Business (1949 -
1960s) |
1949 |
1960 |
|
|
| 3.2
Artificial Intelligence (AI) : 'Thinking Machines |
1949 |
1960 |
|
|
| 3.3
Secondary Storage Problem (1950s) |
1950 |
1959 |
1957 |
|
| 3.4
Software and the Programming Problem: Early High Level Languages (50s -60s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4. THE START OF THE SILICON AGE :
TRANSISTORS, LOGIC GATES AND AFFORDABILITY (1940s - 1970s) |
1940 |
1970 |
|
|
| 4.1
Transistors - the Start of the Semiconductor Age (1947 - 1960s) |
1947 |
1965 |
|
|
| 4.2
On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) (1950-1970) |
1950 |
1970 |
|
|
| 4.3 One
Computer for All Customers: Scientific and Business Computing (1960s) |
1960 |
1965 |
1964 |
|
| 4.4
Supercomputers: Speed at any cost (1960s - 1970s) |
1960 |
1970 |
|
|
| 4.5 The
Space Race, Scientific and Technical Computers (late 1950s) |
1955 |
1960 |
|
|
| 4.6
Early Minicomputers: Empowering the User (1960-1970s) |
1963 |
1966 |
|
|
| 4.7
Timesharing (1960s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5
COMPUTERS FOR EVERYONE (1970s - 1990s) |
1970 |
1990 |
|
|
| 5.1 Small is Beautiful: Semiconductors and
'The Chip' (1950-1980s) |
|
|
|
|
| 5.2
Personal Computers - 'Triumph of the Nerds': 'Homebrew' and the Hobbyists
(Early 1970s/80s) |
1975 |
1985 |
1977 |
|
| 5.3 The
Personal Computer and Business: The IBM PC - 'Send in the Clones' (1980s-90s) |
1982 |
1990 |
1982 |
|
| 5.4 'Talk to Me': Interfacing with the Machine
- it all goes Goooey (1980s, 90s) |
1981 |
1995 |
1983 |
|
| 5.5
Workstations: 'The Sun also Rises' |
1978 |
1980 |
1983 |
|
| 5.6 On
the Move: Portables ('Oh my golly gosh, I've forgotten my diary!') (1970s-) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6. DIGITAL WORLD (1995 - 2005) |
1995 |
2005 |
|
|
| 6.1 Communications and Networking: 'The World
is Flat' (1950s - 19XX) |
1955 |
2000 |
|
|
| 6.2 Digital Media (1970s - 2000) |
1975 |
2000 |
|
|
| 6.3
Games, Imaginary Worlds, and Educational Toys (1950s - 2005) |
1960 |
2005 |
|
|
| 6.4 World Wide Web (1980s - 2005) |
1985 |
2005 |
|
|
| 6.5 The
Upper Limits: Simulation and High-end Computing (1980s -) |
1985 |
2010 |
|
|
| 6.6
Computer in Your Pocket |
2000 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Item |
Start |
End |
end |
| It's
all about record keeping and commerce |
1951 |
2010 |
1951 |
| Industy
starts: Leo, Univac, … |
|
|
1975 |
| General
Ledger … aiding the bookkeeper |
|
|
|
| Reservation
systems… |
1965 |
2010 |
|
| Going to
the bank… that's where the money is MICR, TP benchmarks |
1975 |
2010 |
|
| Capturing
and search the web |
1995 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
| It's
about numbers, simulation, science
& insight |
1940 |
2010 |
|
| The
beginning: ERA, 701 |
1940 |
1970 |
|
| The
Cray era and the big FORTRAN machine |
1966 |
1995 |
|
| Scalables:
How many slices? How many $$$s? |
1987 |
2010 |
|
| Laboratory
instrumentation is here or is a Mini? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| It's
only about Me |
1950 |
2010 |
|
| Working
& workstations before the PC took all |
1958 |
1990 |
|
| Finally
Personal: The day I bought my own computer |
1977 |
2010 |
|
| Playing,
learning, entertaining |
|
|
|
| Put it
your pocket, and make phone calls too |
1995 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pay no
attention to the computer behind the x |
|
|
|
| The
mini as a controller that grew to interact |
1965 |
1995 |
|
| The
micro (microP, microC, multi-core, etc) |
1972 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
| It's
about communication and convergence |
1970 |
2010 |
|
| Telephony
goes digital e.g. No. 5 ESS |
|
|
|
| Datacom… |
|
|
|
| ARPA
net, Internet, and WWW |
1970 |
2010 |
|
| Video |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
