Year |
TIMELINE CONTENT |
B.C.-1600 |
1600-1800 |
1800-1890 |
1890-1945 |
1937 |
1938 |
1939 |
1940 |
1941 |
1942 |
1943 |
1944 |
1945 |
1946 |
1947 |
1948 |
1949 |
1950 |
1951 |
1952 |
1953 |
1954 |
1955 |
1956 |
1957 |
1958 |
1959 |
1960 |
1961 |
1962 |
1963 |
1964 |
1965 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
correction |
|
Generations
aka Eras |
manual, mechanical,
electro-mech, vacuum tube, transistor (60s foundation era), ICs leading to
the micro, WWW, In your pocket: small form factor devices, |
Pre-computer |
Pre-Computer: Manual |
Pre-computer: Mechanical &
Electric. |
Pre-computer:
Electro-mechanical |
Pre-computer Electronic: Vacuum
tube |
|
|
Gordon Bell's
Timeline of Computing History |
|
|
|
|
|
1st Gen: Vac. Tube |
|
Gordon Bell's
Timeline of Computing History |
|
2nd Gen: Transistors |
|
Mainframe Era. Snow White &
7 dwarfs: Burroughs, CDC, GE, Honeywell, NCR, RCA, UNIVAC > BUNCH. |
|
|
|
Minicomputer class Austin Mini,
mini-skirt, etc. |
3rd Gen: SSI, MSI. 100tr/chip |
100 minicomputer companies form |
|
Four Phase: First MicroP. |
|
4th Gen: uP, LSI. 4Ktr/chip |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
VLSI 68Ktr/chip |
|
|
100s of PC companies form with
Intel arch. |
|
|
|
275 Kt/chip |
|
|
1.6 Mt/chip |
|
|
|
The Web Arrives |
|
WWW Era - Mobile Computing |
1000s of web services form |
|
|
|
SmartPhone |
|
|
|
|
|
1 TB/disk |
|
Timeline of Computer
History |
|
|
|
|
|
566 |
Epoch
Inventions |
|
1250 BC: Ten commandments, first
rule based program. Paper. Printing. |
|
Maxwell's Equations (1860).
Bell: telephone message (1874). |
Cards computing. Vacuum tube
(1906). Flip-flop (1919) |
Computation done electronically |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EDVAC First Draft of a Report:
the stored program computer recipe! |
ENIAC proof. |
Bell Labs:
Transistor. Williams
Tube storage @ Manchester U. |
First program: Kilburn,
Manchester. |
|
|
Leo & UNIVAC I, delay lines;
UNIVAC Mag. Tape replaces cards. |
Core Memory on MTC at MIT. IBM 726 tape unit. |
|
Texas Instruments: Si transistor
for $2.50. |
BTL: Tradic 800 transistor
computer. |
IBM 305 5 Byte Disk (RAMAC) |
FORTRAN used. |
Kilby: IC patent w/wires. |
Noyce: IC patent planar process.
Fairchild (Hoerni) planar transistor. Fairchild IC. |
U Manchester: One level store.
COBOL, LISP. |
Fairchild RTL IC. MIT CTSS. |
Sketchpad |
|
IBM 360 Announce 4/7. CDC 6600
(begin Cray era) |
Moore's Law posited. Cooley Tukey
algorithm. |
|
Monolithic Mem chip. Fairchild
8-bit ALU. |
|
UNIX @ BTL. IBM: E F Codd
Relational Database TR. Four Phase Microprocessor. |
|
Intel 4004 chip uP. Intel 1Kbit
memory. IBM: 8" Floppy. |
Email. Intel 8008. |
Eckert Mauchly patent invalidated
by JV Atanasoff. |
Xerox PARC: Alto & Ethernet. |
MITS Altair Kit (Popular
Electronics cover). MOS Tech: 6502, 1st PCs. |
Intel 8080 & Zilog Z80. Cray
1 Vector architecture for 2 decades |
First personally affordable computers. |
C
Language Manual 1st Edition. |
Visicalc (spreadsheet) for Apple
II. CD. |
|
MS DOS. |
IBM: PC defines Wintel std.
DEC-Intel-Xerox: Ethernet std (802.11). |
Microsoft: Word. Caltech: Cosmic
Cube, 1st Scalable. |
Apple Macintosh |
|
|
|
|
|
CERN establishes HTML. URL. |
WWW |
Windows 3.1. |
Mosaic Browser |
|
|
Archive.org founded to archive
www |
|
|
|
|
iPod: Media Player class.
Wireless sensor networks class:
Internet of Things. |
|
|
|
|
Amazon Elastic Cloud, EC2 |
iPhone: Smartphone class. |
|
|
iPad: tablet class. |
IBM Watson wins Jeopardy. |
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
Control
technology: Machines aka Algorithms,
Architectures, Languages, and Operating Systems |
Algorithms, languages, recipes,
instructions, etc. pre computing, and architecture. 3-5 lines: algorithms, architectures,
languages, and some operating systems |
Water clock (283). Clock (1300). Ten Commandments (rule based system). |
|
Boole: The Mathematical Analysis
of Logic (1847). Babbage: starts Diff Engine (1822). Babbage: Analytical
Engine (1833). Scheutz Difference Engine (1853). |
|
Shannon Thesis: Boolean Algebra
for Switching Circuits. |
|
|
|
Zuse Z3 tape programed. |
|
Mark I tape program |
|
EDVAC Draft report 6/30. Zuse
Plankalkul (Plan Calculus), |
ENIAC vacuum tubes, patch cord
program. IAS Paper: Burks…von Neumann. |
IAS paper. |
Big Bang. Manchester
"Baby" 16 words Williams Tube 6/21 op. |
|
Shannon: Chess paper & Mouse. |
EDSAC team wrote 1st programming
book |
Hopper: A-O compiler using
English syntax. |
Backus FORTRAN start.
Microprogramming described (Wilkes). |
|
Simon et al: Logic Theorist. |
|
FORTRAN II for 704 |
|
Samuel Chess program. |
Algol 60 Spec. COBOL. LISP. SNOBOL. |
MIT CTSS timesharing demo. |
Atlas: One level store. IBM
(Iverson): A Programming Language. |
|
APL.
OS 360 announce. |
Simula introduces objects. |
|
|
Dijkstra: "Goto
harmful". |
Unics=>Unix. |
|
Smalltalk-71 (PARC). |
C
Language |
|
MIT LISP Machines. |
|
|
Berkeley 1BSD. |
|
IBM Research 801 first RISC. |
Symbolics & LISP Machines
Inc: build LISP Machines through 1989. Patterson et al: "A Case for the
reduced instruction-set computer." |
|
Lotus 1-2-3. |
Matlab introduction. GNU
(Stallman). |
Stanford MIPS. |
|
Bjarne Stroustrup: C++ |
Apple Hypercard |
Wolfram Mathematica. |
Simcity. |
|
Linux Introduced using GNU). |
|
|
|
|
Java 1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nest Lab (Home). |
C.Plastic. C.mxmxm. |
|
|
|
|
5 |
45 |
MINICOMPUTERS, MICROCOMPUTERS, CHIPS
aka Control Computers: |
Minicomputers, microprocessors,
microcomputers, wireless sensor nets, etc. used for controlling other
systems. 2 or 3 Lines: micros, minis, process control, embedded computers |
Antikythera Calc. |
|
Jacquard Loom (1801-06) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Norden Bombsight (?). |
|
|
|
|
IBM SSEC (relays & tubes). |
|
|
|
|
MIT Whirlwind: core memory; Mem.
Test Computer (MTC) 1st use. |
|
|
|
|
MIT (Lincoln Lab) SAGE (semi-auto
ground environment) for air defense |
|
|
|
Computer typesetting. |
DEC: PDP-5 (mini forerunner). |
SDS: 910, 920, 930. |
DEC: PDP-8. Computer Controls:
DDP 116, 16-bit mini. |
Apollo Guidance Computer: IC.
Honeywell DDP 516: IC mini. HP 2115. |
Medtronic pacemaker w/ICs. |
DEC: PDP-8/I IC computer. DG Nova
(one board). Apollo Guidance Computer. |
Four Phase Systems microprocessor
based data entry computer. |
DEC PDP-11/20. |
Intel 4004 chip uP. Application
control of calculator |
PDP-11/45 (semi memory) |
|
Intel: 8080. Zilog: Z-80.
Interdata: 32-bit mini. PDP-11/70 (cache). |
|
|
ARM Chip intro. DEC: VT 78 PDP-8 word process. |
Intel: 8086. |
Motorola 68,000, 68Ktransistors
enable workstations. Intel 8088 29 Trans. IBM 801 RISC. |
PARC: Snalltalk-80 released. |
|
Intel 286 |
|
Sequent "multi". |
MIPS: RISC processor. Encore
Multimax "multi" (shared memory multiprocessor). |
BTL: Optical transistor. Intel:
386. |
Sun SPARC (RISC) gate array.
Motorola: 68030. |
|
Intel 486 1.6 Mtrans. |
|
Motorola: 68040 1.2 Mtrans. IBM
PowerPC. SUN Viking (SuperSPARC) chip. |
|
|
Intel: Pentium |
|
|
Pister: WSN Proposal. |
|
|
|
Intel Itanium. |
|
AMD: Opteron 64-bit X86 |
Intel: Extended Memory
Architecture |
AMD Opteron Multicore. |
|
|
|
|
|
Nest Labs thermostat: IoT? |
|
|
|
|
10 |
46 |
SUPERCOMPUTERS aka Calculating
Computers: Scientific and Engineering especially
High Perf. Comp. (HPC) |
Early calculators & the
stored program computer. Early computers. Supercomputers: the Cray Era until
Scalables take all. 2
Lines: fastest computers - Cray to Scalables; Minis and super minis (perf/price) |
Abacus: arithmetic. |
Orreries (1750). |
Hermann Palnimeter (1814).
Casper Wetli’s wheel and disk integrator (1849). Kelvin's Harmonic Analyser
(1878) |
Zuse start. Bush's Differential
Analyzer (1930). Universit Differential Analyzers (1930-1947). AC Network
Analyzers (1929-1960). |
Atanasoff idea conception winter |
|
Harvard Mark I=IBM ASCC start; |
|
ABC (marginal) op. Zuse Z3:
relays, tape program, fl.pt. Bletchley
Park: Bombe. |
|
Colossus use; Harvard Mark I (IBM ASCC) op. ENIAC start. |
BTL:Relay Interpolator (model
II). IBM ASCC dedicated at Harvard as Mark I. |
ACE start (Turing Report); |
ENIAC op; |
|
|
EDSAC 512 words delay line memory
5/6 op. Machester Mk I. Northrup MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential
Analyzer). |
NPL Pilot ACE.NBS: SEAC &
SWAC. Nordsieck’s Differential Analyzer. Reeves Electronic Computer-REAC. |
MIT: Whilrwind electrostatic
memory. |
IAS operated. George A, Philbrick
Operational Amplifiers enable analog computing. |
IBM 701 (Defense Calculator). |
IBM 650. IBM 704. |
|
Project Stretch start. |
|
IBM 709. NEC NEAC I (transistor).
Electronica Associates, Inc (transistor) analog. |
Comp centers: IBM 7090
(transistor). UNIVAC 1108
(transistor). |
CDC 1604. CDC 160 for
offline.Ferranti Atlas intro. UNIVAC LARC June. |
IBM Stetch LASL May accept. |
Manchester-Ferranti Atlas fastest
op. Atlas (one level store aka virtual
memory). IBM 7094. |
IBM 7040,7044. |
IBM 360 for Science & Commercial announce 4/7. Univac 1108 from ERA div. CDC 6600
delivery. IBM 7094 II. |
Amdahl's Law posited. SIMULA as
first object oriented lanaguage. |
EAI-CDC 6400 Hybrid
Analog-Digital computer. |
IBM 360/91-95 "fighting
machine" to compete with 6600 => consent decree. |
IBM: 360/85 cache. |
CDC 7600 |
|
|
ILLIAC IV (SIMD). HP 35. |
TI Adv. Sci Comp. |
HP 65 Programmable Calc. CDC:
STAR Delivery (String-Array). |
|
Cray 1: establish vector
architecture |
DEC: VAX 780 mini (perf/$) &
VMS. |
|
|
Cyber 205 |
|
Cray: XMP 420 Mflops. |
Cal Tech Cosmic Cube: 64 node
hypercube. Scalable era begins. |
Cray: XMP. Convex: C-1 supermini.
Fujitsu VP-200. Hitachi S/810. NEC SX-2. |
Alliant: FX-1 supermini. nCube.
iPSC personsal supercomputer.NSF Centers: NCSA, SDSC. Livermore Loops
benchmark. |
Cray2. Thinking Machines: CM1
(SIMD). NEC SX-1e. IBM 3030 (Vector Facility). |
Sandia:1st Bell Prize, 1K node
nCUBE. XMP: 1/2 GF. ETA: ETA-10 GF succeeds CDC-line. Fujitsu VP-400. Hitachi
S/820. |
Supercompuing 1988 (No.1).Cray
YMP: 2.7 GF, 8 proc. Convex: C2 mini-super. Ardent: Graphic Super. |
Cray Computer: Cray3 (last) |
Thinking Machines CM2 SIMD: 14
GF, 64K? PE |
E. Brooks: "Atack of Killer
Micros". |
Intel Touchstone Delta, Multicomputer w/512 C @ Caltech. |
Linpack Benchmark. Top500 listing. Begin scalable
multicomputer era. CM5 Linpack 60 GF.
Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel: 124Gflops. |
Beowulf: COTS scalability recipe.
MPI-1 standard. Intel XP/S 140 Pargon, Sandia 143 GF. Fujitsu National Wind
Tunnel: 170 Gflops. |
Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel:
170 Gflops. Cray 64 GF, 32 P, T-90
ends monomemory era. ASCI: Accel Strat. Comp. Init for scaling. |
Hitachi SR 2201 U. Toiy. 220
GF. CP-PACs U. of Tscukba 368 GF |
Intel ASCI Red, Sandia: 1.06,
1.45 TF pk, 7.2 Kproc (intel). |
Intel ASCI Red, Sandia: 1.06,
1.45 TF pk, 7.2 Kproc (intel). |
Intel ASCI Red, Sandia: 1.06,
1.45 TF pk, 7.2 Kproc (intel). |
Intel ASCI Red, Sandia: 1.06,
1.45 TF pk, 7.2 Kproc (intel). ASCI White LLNL 7.2 PF. RLX "blade"
intro. |
ASCI White LLNL 7.2 PF. |
NEC Earth Simulator: 41 TF. |
NEC Earth Simulator: 41 TF. |
NEC Earth Simulator: 41 TF. IBM
Bluegene/L: 70 TF, 131 Kproc LLNL. |
IBM Bluegene: 102 TF, 131 Kproc
LLNL. |
IBM Bluegene: 280 TF, 131 Kproc
LLNL. |
IBM Bluegene: 478 TF, 131 Kproc
LLNL. |
IBM BlueGene aka Roderunner @
Sandia 1.026 PF 122K PowerCell cores. |
BM BlueGene aka Roderunner @
Sandia. Cray Jaguar 1.8 TF. |
Cray Jaguar 1.8 TF.. Tiaanhe 1
Intel 2.6 PF. Graph500 benchmark. |
Fujitsu Riken K 10.5 PF |
IBM Sequoia PowerPC 16.3 PF. Cray
Titan 17.6 PF 122K // with CPU/GPU. |
Green500 Benchmark. China
Tianhrne2, 3.1 M cores, 54 PF pk. |
Tianhe 2. |
Tianh 2, |
14 |
84 |
Personal
Computers: Workstations, PCs, game, tablets, players, phones, wearables. |
Computers at work, at home, at
play , to entertain, and in the pocket for computation, record keeping &
communication! ??? Lines: on and in body. |
|
Napier's Bones: Pocket
multiplication (1615). Gunter , Oughtred scales (1620) |
Airthmometer manufactured
(1820). .Circular Rule. Baldwin calculator. Millionaire (1893). |
|
|
|
|
BTL Complex Number Calclator
remote Teletype use. |
|
|
|
|
Bush: As We May Think - Memex. |
ENIAC: 5 Kops, 18K vaccum tubes. |
Curta Model 1 Handheld |
|
|
|
|
EDSAC: OXO game. |
|
|
Sign up & use. Bendix G-15
(ACE derived). |
LGP-30. MIT (Lincoln Lab): TX-0
(transistor) |
|
|
IBM 1620 |
DEC PDP-1. |
MIT CTSS Each of us share an IBM
7090. |
LINC first PC, with file system.
PDP-1: Spacewar (Russell et al). |
Sketchpad (Sutherland). GM
DAC-1. Cassette tape |
Friden desk calculator
(transistor). IBM: APL. Berkeley: Timesharing SDS 930. Dartmouth TSS BASIC .
Rand: JOSS on Johniac. DEC: PDP-6 Timesharing =>TOPS-10. CDC SCOPE. EXEC
8. |
Olivetti: Programma 101.
Multics. BOS/360. TOS/360. |
OS/360. DOS/360. |
LOGO (Papert). CP/CMS. Michigan
TS. TSS/360. |
HP 9100 Desktop. |
|
UNIX first edition programmer's
manual |
Bowmar Brain hand held
calculator. DEC OS/8 personal computing on PDP-8. Kenbak-1 for personal use. |
HP 35. Atari Pong. Magnavox
Odyssey Game (analog). Dungeons, Zork, Crime. WYSIWYG. |
Micral PC (8008). Scelbi 8H.
RT-11 for DEC PDP-11 personal computing. |
HP 65 Programmable Calc. Xerox
PARC: Alto & Ethernet. |
MITS Altair 8800. Microsoft
BASIC delivered ?? IBM: 5100. DR (Kildall): CP/M for 8080/Z80. |
Xerox: STAR. Apple: model 1. |
Apple II. Commodore Pet. TRS-80
(Tandy Radio Shack). Atari Video Comp.
Sys. |
TI Speak & Spell. Shughart:
5-1/4" disk. |
Sinclair ZX80. CD. Atari 400
(game), 800 (home(. |
Symbolics & LISP Machines
Inc: build LISP Machines through 1989 |
BBC Micro.Apollo DN-100 &
token ring. IBM PC. Xerox Star. MS-DOS. Sony: 3-1/2" Floppy. Osborne 1
(portable). Commodore 64 22M. |
IBM PC. Kaypro, SUN 1. CD ROMs.
Pacman. Lotus 1-2-3. |
MIDI music interface. Apple
Lisa. Compaq: ship as PC clone. Silicon Graphics: Iris. |
Apple Macintosh. IBM PC/AT. Sony
3.5" floppy. |
Commodore: Amiga. Pixar. CD/ROM |
Compaq uses 386. |
Apple: Hypercard. Sun SPARC
Workstation. IBM PS/2. |
Microsoft: Windows 3, Excel,
Word. NeXT (Jobs' workstation). |
Maxis: SimCity |
Nintendo GameBoy.Windows
3.1. |
Go: PenPoint. 3-1/2"
Diskette. |
|
Mosaic Browser release UofI
NCSA. Apple: Newton w/50K sales. Casio Zoomer. Doom. |
Windows NT. Sony PlayStation. |
Palm: Pilot PDA I. Microsoft:
Windows 95. First Wiki |
Palm Pilot s. Windows CE. |
|
Rio Digital Audio Player (DAP) |
Creative Labs Nomad DAP.
BlackBerry: pocket email service. |
iRiver Player DAP. |
Microsoft: XP. Apple: iPod
plaform. BodyMedia on body band for fitnss. Microsoft: Xbox. |
Treo: phones & PDAs.
Microsoft Tablet PC. |
|
|
YouTube. |
Sony Reader. Microsoft: Vista.
Nintendo : Wii with gesture input. |
100 millionth iPod. iPhone intro
6/07. Android O/S. Netbooks PC intros. |
iOS SDK. Android Smartphone
10/08. Fitbit counts steps for uploading. |
Windows 7. |
iPad 3/10. Microsoft: Xbox
Kinect (voice, gestures). |
iPad 2. Android tablets. |
iPad 3, 4. iPad Mini 1. Windows
8 OS with dual tablet & desktop UI's. |
Microsoft Windows 8.1. Microsoft Xbox One. |
|
|
47 |
106 |
Transduction
technology aka I/O: interfaces to people and "things" …changing
bits |
displays, pens, mouse, card
devices, biometrics, handwriting, speech, graphical user interface… any and
all between computers and people or other info processors. User interfaces:
audio, visual, haptic, etc. |
Guttenberg (1440). |
|
Sholes Typewriter (1874). Remington Model 1. |
Baudot code, Teletype |
|
|
HP: Audio osciallator for
Disney's Fantasia. |
BTL Remote access; |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CSIRAC Computer plays music |
|
|
|
|
Doug Ross: direct keyboard input.
MIT Lincoln Lab: Display and light pen |
Max Mathews Music Compiler plays
on 704. |
|
|
|
Teletype ASR 33: 10 char/sec. |
|
Weitbrecht Modem Acoustic Coupler
modem. |
|
Teletype 35: 30 char/sec. |
|
|
Engelbart: FJCC "Mother of
All Demos" on SDS 940. Carterphone decision allowing connection to AT&T (Bell) network. |
|
DEC: VT05 ASCI CRT, Engelbart:
Mouse Patent |
|
IBM 3270 Xerox PARC:
Shoup-Superpaint. TI Silent 700 thermal paper, acoustic coupler. |
|
|
|
|
Xerox Laser Printer. |
TI: Speak & Spell |
|
|
MIDI Standard. |
|
Microft: Word. |
Adobe: Postscript. |
Adobe. Aldus: PageMaker. |
Adobe: Illustrator. Pixare |
|
|
Adobe: Photoshop |
CMU VuMan 1. Video Toaster
editing. |
|
Terminator 2: Judgement day. |
Wearable computer with eyetap and
twiddler keyboard (Thad Starner). MIT Media lab (Steve Mann, et al) build
Souisveillance devices. |
|
|
|
|
|
Napster for music sharing. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kindle 11/07 book reader. |
|
|
|
Siri-iPhone intro for natural
language input. |
|
Google Glass enables Extreme
Lifelogging & direct interaction UI; |
iPhone 6+. Microsoft Cortana nat.
lang. input. |
iWatch. |
|
31 |
MAINFRAMES aks Business Computers: record keeping,
transaction processing, timesharing, databases, and cloud computing |
Record keeping: cave drawings,
paper, printing, books, card control, to magnetic tape & disks. Search,
databases, TPC, General ledgers, order entry, APACHE, Archive.org. 4 Lines:
Record keeping, Transaction Process, Databases, Web services |
Papyrus. 3000 BC: Cuniform
records indicate transactions. Codex
replace Paypyrus rolls. |
Simpson, Data-processing
practice (1755). Table of products (1781) |
Comptometer (1886). Burroughs
Adding machines. |
Hollerith: Census (1890),
Tabulating Machine Co. (1896). BTM, Powers Samos, Rem Rand formed. Card
perforator & sorter (1895). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LEO ( EDSAC based) card, paper
tape, introduced. UNIVAC I, decimal, delay line, mag tape for bulk store,
accepted. ERA 1101. |
|
IBM 702 |
IBM 705 |
|
IBM 305 Ramac, 5 MB disk. |
|
Burroughs 205,220. IBM 7070
(decimal). |
ERMA introduced. IBM 1401
replaces card tabulation equipment. |
Quicksort. COBOL60. IBM 074. |
Burroughs B5000, 5500 (64). IBM
1301, IBM 7080. |
1311 removable disk. IBM 7010
(1400-series). |
|
IBM 360 for
Science & Commercial announce 4/6. Burroughs
B-5500. Bachman: IDS Networked database.
Tymshare timesharing SDS 940. |
RCA Spectra 70 (IBM 360
compatible). SABRE Reservations system on line (dual 7090). IBM OS/360 ship. |
SDS 940 Time-Sharing System based
on Berkeley TSS. NYSE computer trade. |
ATM Enfield install. IBM 1360
Terabit Photo Store. |
|
IBM TR: E F Codd relational
database. IBM 360/85 (cache). |
IBM System/370 |
IBM: 8" Floppy. |
IBM 370 |
Universal Product Code: ?? |
|
Tandem Fault-Tolerant. Amdahl:
470/6 delivered to establish the IBM plug compatible industry. |
Tandem: 16 Fault-Tolerant for
trans proc. Honeywell: Relational dbase? |
|
DEC VT100 ASCI CRT. Shugart: 5-1/4" Floppy. |
|
|
|
|
DEC: VMS Clusters. Stratus:
redundant, non-stop. |
|
Sequent: Balance
"multi". |
|
|
|
|
IBM System/390 |
|
SQL Standard. |
|
|
|
Archive.org |
|
Google. |
|
IBM Z Series
900 (rename 64 bit 360). Apache Web Server 2. |
|
|
|
|
IBM Z9 into. |
Amazon Web Services: Elastic
Cloud, EC2. Simple Storage Service, S3. |
|
|
|
Microsoft Azure. |
|
|
|
360 50th Anniversary |
IBM Z13. |
|
37 |
Artificial
Intelligence technology: chatbots,
expert systems, robots, Turing test |
|
|
|
|
|
Turing: On Computable Numbers… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Turing: Computing Machinery and
Intelligence |
Edmund Berkeley: Squee nut
finding squirrel. |
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MIT Servomechanisms: Auto
Programmed Tool. |
|
UNIMATE Industrial Robot:
delivered. |
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Racho Arm (6 degrees). |
|
DENDRAL expert system:
Feigenbaum-Lederberg |
Weizenbaum: ELIZA |
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Minsky: Tenacle Arm. |
Scheinman Arm. |
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SRI: Skaky mobile robot. |
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Silver Arm: |
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Kurzweil Reading Machine. |
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Stanford Cart. |
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Japan establishes Fifth
Generation AI Project. |
DARPA SCI Strat Comp Init. |
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IBM BlueGene becomes world chess
champion. |
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iRobot: Roomba. |
In Touch Health telerobot. |
DARPA Grand Challenge: CMU. |
DARPA Autonomous Vehicle Prize,
Stanford. |
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DARPA Urban Challenge: CMU. |
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3D Robotics Autopilot. |
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IBM Watson wins Jeopardy. |
Rethink Robotics: Baxter. |
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25 |
NETWORKING aka Communication computers incl. Wireless Sensor Networks, machine to
machine. Social Networking |
Communication and Networks:
Alphabets, signaling (smoke signals,...telegraphy), message switching, packet switching, ARPA
net, internet, WWW, wireless telephony, Wi-Fi. 3 lines: telephony, data
networks, and TV. |
|
Optical Semaphore (1700). |
Henry: Telegraph (1831).
Telegraph& Morse code (1837); paper tape telegraph. Daguerre fax (1839).
Transatlantic Cable proposal. |
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Shannon: The Mathematical Theory
of Communication. |
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ATT: Dataphone (1st commercial
modem) |
Baran: Presentation on Survivable
Nets. Kleinrock: Thesis Proposal Info Flow in Large Comm. Nets. |
|
Licklider: Intergalactic Network.
ASCII. |
Baran: RAND "On Distributed
Comm". Kleinrock: Comm. Nets: Message Flow & Delay. IBM SABRE for
airline reservations. |
Davies @NPL: Names "Packet
Switching". Marill-Roberts: TX-2 to Q-32 Connection. |
NYSE: basic trading functions.
SRI: Acoustic Modem. |
ARPAnet Plan (Roberts) |
AT&T:56 Kbps. BBN: ARPAnet contract win. |
ARPAnet: UCLA-SRI. Establish
Network Working Group. RS-232 protocol. |
ATM. |
Tomlinson: Email. |
Wozniak: Blue Box. |
TCP paper. Internet gateway arch
(Cerf, Kahn). Metcalfe: Ethernet, Xerox PARC. |
|
Telnet: service intro (Roberts). |
|
Multinetwork demo. Data
Encryption Standard. |
USENET |
USENET. Prestel (UK). First Worm
(Shoch). Multi-user domain game (Dungeon). |
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802.3 Ethernet std. TCP/IP
established. Minitel (France). |
ARPANET: TCP/IP switchover. DNS
introduced. Motorola DynaTAC. |
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NSFNET connects 5 supercomputer
centers. WELL. |
TCP/IP established. NSFNet: 56Kb. |
NSF T1 Backbone. UUNET. |
AT&T Transatlantic Fiber.
NSFNET: T1 backbone. Morris' worm
floods the network. |
MCI, CompuServe: email. |
WWW. Archie, Gopher, WAIS
services. |
NSF backbone: T3. one TB/month,
100 countries, 600Khosts, 5K networks. NSF accepts firms. PGP for email. |
WWW. One Million hosts. Internet
Society. |
|
Yahoo founded. Netscape. |
100 Mbps Ethernet. Apache Web
Server 1. |
Archive.org founded to capture
WWW. |
Wi-Fi standard. |
1 Gbps Ethernet. Dust aka
Wireless Sensor Nets proposal & RF breadboard. |
802.11: 11 Mbps |
|
Berkeley Mote. Ember founded WSN. |
Dust Networks: WSN. Friendster.
LinkedIn. |
10 Gbps Ethernet. 802.11: 54
Mpbs. MySpace |
Facebook. |
|
Twitter. AWS SDK: Amazon Elastic
Cloud, EC2 & Storage. |
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Instagram. |
Snapchart. |
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31 |
74 |
Books,
ideas, magazines, movements, movies, newspapers, paradigms, predictions, …
society |
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Steam Engine (1767). Volta: Battery (1800). |
Incandescent bulb 1879).
Luddites (1811). |
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Grace Hopper finds
"bug" at Harvard MkI. |
Moore Summer School on computer.
IEEE traces origins of computer society to Prof. Group on Electronic
Computers. |
Assoc for Comp. Machinery (ACM) |
Cybernetics (Norbert Weiner). |
Watson: "all computation
electronic in a decade". Edmund Berkeley. "Giant Brains". |
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|
UNIVAC calls the election for
Eisenhower. |
|
Turing suicide. |
IBM SHARE (user's group). |
Datamation Magazine. |
ACM Formed. Desk Set. |
Kilby patent (wired chip
interconnect) |
Xerox Copier. |
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|
ARPA IPTO: Licklider. |
Nelson: Hypertext mention. |
Eckert & Mauchly: patent. |
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2001: A Space Odyssey. |
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IEEE Computer Society. |
|
Eckert & Mauchly: patent
invalid. |
|
Brooks, The mythical man month.
Byte Magazine. |
|
Microsoft started. |
|
Mead Conway" Introduction to
VLSI Systems". |
|
|
Time: Computer is Man of the
Year. Camcorder. |
|
Gibson: Neuromance =>
Cyberspace. |
|
Ken Wildon: Computation is the
3rd Paradigm of Science. |
Gordon Bell Prize established.
Gustafson's Law of scalable computing. NSF Report: “Visualization in
Scientific Computing”. |
Pixar: "Tin Toy" Oscar. |
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Wired Magazine V 1. |
Pixar: Toy Story, first animated
feature film |
DVD intro |
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Internet of Things term
introduced by Kevin Ashton. |
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Wikipedia started. |
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Jim Gray: Data is the 4th
Paradigm of Science. |
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34 |
Year |
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B.C.-1600 |
1600-1800 |
1800-1890 |
1890-1945 |
1937 |
1938 |
1939 |
1940 |
1941 |
1942 |
1943 |
1944 |
1945 |
1946 |
1947 |
1948 |
1949 |
1950 |
1951 |
1952 |
1953 |
1954 |
1955 |
1956 |
1957 |
1958 |
1959 |
1960 |
1961 |
1962 |
1963 |
1964 |
1965 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
0 |
|
Copyright 2015 Gordon Bell |
Companies |
|
Arithmometer (1886) =>
Burroughs => Unisys (1986) |
C-T-R founded (1911) => IBM (1924) |
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Hewlett-Packard |
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EMCC formed. |
Eckert-Mauchly Computer Co.
(UNIVAC, Div. of Remington Rand) |
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Heinz Nixdorf Computer
Co. |
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Schockley Semi Lab. |
Fairchild Semiconductor. Control
Data Corp.. (CDC). Digital Equip. Corp (DEC=>Compaq (1998) =>HP (2002). |
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Scientific Data Systems (SDS)
=> Xerox Data Sys (1969-1975). |
|
Tandy aka Radio Shack. Thinking
Machines Corp. |
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Commodore Bus. Machines |
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Intel. Evans & Sutherland. |
AMD. |
Xerox Palo Alto Res Center
(PARC). Amdahl formed. |
RCA computer exit. |
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IMSAI |
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Microsoft. |
Apple Inc. |
Oracle. |
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Brounderbund |
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Compaq=> HP (2002). Sun
Microsystems => Oracle (2010). |
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Sybase. |
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Lucas film animation group(1979)
=>Pixar. |
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Yahoo. |
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Fujitsu acquires Amdahl. |
Google. |
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MySpace. Skype =>Microsoft
(2003). LinkedIn. |
Facebook. |
YouTube. |
Twitter. |
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Nest Lab (Home). |
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6 |
38 |
|
Computer Structures 1 |
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Chapter: |
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5
- DEC PDP-8 (programmed data processor) |
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6 - Whirlwind |
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7
- Apollo Guidance Computer |
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8 - UNIVAC (1951) |
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9 - Pegasus |
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11 - Pilot ACE |
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12 - ZEBRA |
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13
- Univac Scientific 1103A |
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14 - MIDAC |
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15
- Soviet Strela (Arrow) |
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16
- LGP-30 and LGP-21 |
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17 - IBM 650 |
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18 - IBM 1401 |
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19
- OLIVETTI programma 101 desk calculator |
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20
- HP Model 9100A computing calculator |
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21/22
- Burroughs B 5000 system |
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23 - Atlas |
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25
- DEC 338 display processor |
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26 - NOVA |
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27 - ILLIAC IV |
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32
- EULER on IBM system/360 Model 30 |
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33 - IBM 1800 |
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34 - Stretch |
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35
- PILOT, the NBS multicomputer system (Nat'l Bureau of Standards) |
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36 - Burroughs D825 |
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38
- RW-400 Data System (also called the AN/FSQ-27) |
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39 - Control Data 6600 |
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41 - IBM 7094 I, II |
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42
- SDS 910-9300 Series |
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43/44
- IBM System/360 |
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Computer Structures 2 |
|
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Chapter: |
|
7 - Manchester Mark I |
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8/15/46 - PDP-8 |
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9 - B 5000 System |
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10 - Atlas |
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12
- IBM System/360 Model 30 |
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13
- AM2900 Family - Am2901/2909 |
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14 - Am2903/2910 |
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16
- Burroughs B6500/B7500 |
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17 - ICL 2900 series |
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18
- IBM System/360 Model 91 |
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20 - Illiac IV |
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21 - STARAN |
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22 - C.mmp/Hydra |
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23 - Pluribus |
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24
- ARPA Computer Network |
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26 - Ethernet |
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27 - STAR |
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29 - Tandem 16 |
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30 - SYMBOL |
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31 - HP 9845A |
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32 - IBM System/38 |
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33 - Alto |
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34 - TMS 1000/1200 |
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35 - PIC1650 |
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37
- Intel 8008 to 8086 (8008, 8080, 8085, 8086) |
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38/39/47
- DEC PDP-11 |
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40 - System/360 |
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41 - System/360 |
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42
- VAX-11/780 (Virtual Address Extension) |
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43 - Control Data 6600 |
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44 - Cray 1 |
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45 - TI ASC |
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48 - HP model 9100A |
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49 - HP 9810/20/30 |
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50 - HP Calculator |
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51 - IBM system/370 |
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52
- IBM system/360, system 370, 3030, 4300 |
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